References
Pictures:
* all pictures were sited with in text references if not sited were received from ARKive.com
http://www.arkive.org/north-american-otter/lontra-canadensis/image-G65264.html
Information:
Boyle, S. (2006, September 2). North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis): a technical conservation assessment.
[Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/northamericanriverotter.pdf [March 2, 2014].
Chanin, P. (1985). The natural history of otters. Park Av. South NY: Facts On File
Davis, H.G., Aulerich, R.J., Bursian, S.J., Sikarski, J.G., and Stuht, J.N. (1992) Feed consumption and food transit time in northern river otters (L. canadensis). J. of Zoo and Wildlife Manegement. 23: 241-244
Dekar, M.P., Magoulick, D.D., Beringer, J. (2010) Bioenergetics assessment of fish and crayfish consumption by river otter (Lontra canadensis): integrating prey availability, diet, and field metabolic rate. Fish Aqua Sci. 67: 1439-1448.
Finegan, E. and Stevens, E. (2008). The digestive system of vertebrates website. Comparitive Nutrition Society. Available: http://www.cnsweb.org/extra/digestvertebrates/AAAEdStevensINTRODUCTION.html [March 1, 2014].
Haire, M. (2011). Successful handrearing of north american river otter (Lontra canadensis). IUCN River Otter Specialist. Available:
http://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/Library/TaskForces/OCT.html
Haines, K.J.R., Evans, R.D., O'Brien, M. and Evans, H.E. (2010) Accumulation of mercury and selenium in the brains of river otters and minks from nova scotia, canada. Science of the Total Environment. 408: 537-542
Henry, B., Maslanka, M., Heuer, K., Reed-Smith, J., and Nidasio, G. (2012) Otters in zoo, aquaria, rehabilitation and wildlife sanctuaries. IUCN River Otter Specialist. Available: http://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/Library/TaskForces/OCT.html [March 2, 2014].
Kruuk H., Balharry E., Fairley J.S. (1994) Oxygen consumption of the eurasian otter Lutra Lutra in Relation to water temperature. Physiol Zool. 67: 1174-1185.
Kruuk, H. (2006). Otters: ecology, behaviour and conservation. Great Clarendon St. NY: Oxford University Press
Kruuk, H. (1995). Wild otters: predation and populations. Walton St. NY: Oxford University Press.
Pfeiffer, P., & Culik, B.M. (1998) Energy metabolism of underwater swimming in river otters (Lutra lutra L.). J. Comp. Physiol. 168B: 143–148.
Reed-Smith,J . (2012). North american river otter. Husbandry Notebook, Edition 4. (Chapters 1-6).
Stearns, C.R. & Serfass, T.L. (2010). Food habits and fish prey size selection of a newly colonizing population of river otters (Lontra canadensis) in eastern north dakota. Am. Midl. Nat. 165: 169-184.
White, S.C., Clark, D.W., Day, C.D., Sikes, R.S. (2007) Variation in digestive efficiency of captive north american river otters (Lontra canadensis) on various diets. Zoo Biology. 26: 41-50.
Wilson, K.A. (1954). The role of mink and otter as muskrat predators in northeastern north carolina. Wildlife Journal of Management. 18: 199-207
Williams, T.M., Ben-David, M., Noren, S., Rutishauser, M., McDonald, K. (2002). Running energetics of the north American river otter: do short legs necessarily reduce efficiency on land? Comp. Biochem. And Physiol. 133: 203-212.
* all pictures were sited with in text references if not sited were received from ARKive.com
http://www.arkive.org/north-american-otter/lontra-canadensis/image-G65264.html
Information:
Boyle, S. (2006, September 2). North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis): a technical conservation assessment.
[Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region. Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/northamericanriverotter.pdf [March 2, 2014].
Chanin, P. (1985). The natural history of otters. Park Av. South NY: Facts On File
Davis, H.G., Aulerich, R.J., Bursian, S.J., Sikarski, J.G., and Stuht, J.N. (1992) Feed consumption and food transit time in northern river otters (L. canadensis). J. of Zoo and Wildlife Manegement. 23: 241-244
Dekar, M.P., Magoulick, D.D., Beringer, J. (2010) Bioenergetics assessment of fish and crayfish consumption by river otter (Lontra canadensis): integrating prey availability, diet, and field metabolic rate. Fish Aqua Sci. 67: 1439-1448.
Finegan, E. and Stevens, E. (2008). The digestive system of vertebrates website. Comparitive Nutrition Society. Available: http://www.cnsweb.org/extra/digestvertebrates/AAAEdStevensINTRODUCTION.html [March 1, 2014].
Haire, M. (2011). Successful handrearing of north american river otter (Lontra canadensis). IUCN River Otter Specialist. Available:
http://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/Library/TaskForces/OCT.html
Haines, K.J.R., Evans, R.D., O'Brien, M. and Evans, H.E. (2010) Accumulation of mercury and selenium in the brains of river otters and minks from nova scotia, canada. Science of the Total Environment. 408: 537-542
Henry, B., Maslanka, M., Heuer, K., Reed-Smith, J., and Nidasio, G. (2012) Otters in zoo, aquaria, rehabilitation and wildlife sanctuaries. IUCN River Otter Specialist. Available: http://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/Library/TaskForces/OCT.html [March 2, 2014].
Kruuk H., Balharry E., Fairley J.S. (1994) Oxygen consumption of the eurasian otter Lutra Lutra in Relation to water temperature. Physiol Zool. 67: 1174-1185.
Kruuk, H. (2006). Otters: ecology, behaviour and conservation. Great Clarendon St. NY: Oxford University Press
Kruuk, H. (1995). Wild otters: predation and populations. Walton St. NY: Oxford University Press.
Pfeiffer, P., & Culik, B.M. (1998) Energy metabolism of underwater swimming in river otters (Lutra lutra L.). J. Comp. Physiol. 168B: 143–148.
Reed-Smith,J . (2012). North american river otter. Husbandry Notebook, Edition 4. (Chapters 1-6).
Stearns, C.R. & Serfass, T.L. (2010). Food habits and fish prey size selection of a newly colonizing population of river otters (Lontra canadensis) in eastern north dakota. Am. Midl. Nat. 165: 169-184.
White, S.C., Clark, D.W., Day, C.D., Sikes, R.S. (2007) Variation in digestive efficiency of captive north american river otters (Lontra canadensis) on various diets. Zoo Biology. 26: 41-50.
Wilson, K.A. (1954). The role of mink and otter as muskrat predators in northeastern north carolina. Wildlife Journal of Management. 18: 199-207
Williams, T.M., Ben-David, M., Noren, S., Rutishauser, M., McDonald, K. (2002). Running energetics of the north American river otter: do short legs necessarily reduce efficiency on land? Comp. Biochem. And Physiol. 133: 203-212.